Belfast, Northern Ireland’s capital city, is perhaps best known for the sectarian strife that took place here during the era of the Troubles, and as the birthplace of the Titanic (and many other ships that didn’t sink). While these two claims to fame aren’t too uplifting, Belfast’s story is hardly a downer. This unsinkable city, just two hours away from Dublin by train, makes for a fascinating day trip.
Wandering through Belfast’s cheery modern-day downtown, it’s hard to believe the bright and bustling pedestrian centre had been a subdued, traffic-free security zone not long ago. But it’s no longer dangerous here. While Belfast has the rough edges of any industrial big city, you have to look for trouble to find it. The city is busy with tourists, and aggressive sectarian murals are being repainted with scenes celebrating heritage and pride. It feels like a new morning in Belfast.
Though people from all walks of Belfast life congregate, work, eat, and play in the thriving city centre, Unionists (mostly Protestants who feel they’re primarily British) and Nationalists (mostly Catholic Republicans — those pushing to end British rule in the North) still typically live in segregated zones, where some tensions still simmer. A Belfast visit wouldn’t be complete without visiting the working-class neighbourhoods where the two groups live parallel lives along parallel roads on either side of a “peace wall”: the Unionists along Shankill Road and the Nationalists along Falls Road.
While you can easily and safely walk through these districts on your own, and some tours offer balanced accounts of the challenging times of the Troubles, I find the area’s best enjoyed with a private taxi tour. The cabbies who offer tours of these neighbourhoods grew up here and know their city well, offering honest (if biased) viewpoints on the Troubles, political murals, and local culture. My time with them is always the most interesting 90 minutes of any visit to Belfast.
I once had a guide who was particularly determined to make his country’s struggles vivid. He introduced me to Belfast’s Felons Club pub, run by Republican ex-prisoners. Hearing heroic stories of Irish resistance while sharing a Guinness with a celebrity felon gave me an affinity for their struggles. The next day at Milltown Cemetery, I walked through the green-trimmed gravesites of his prison-mates — some of whom starved themselves to death for the cause of Irish independence throughout the isle.
The easiest way to get a dose of the Unionist/Protestant side is to walk Sandy Row, the namesake street of Belfast’s oldest residential neighbourhood. Stop at a Unionist memorabilia shop or pub and ask a local to explain the Unionist symbolism that fills colourful murals here.
Across the River Lagan, east of the centre, the historic Titanic Quarter — the former shipbuilding district now filled with museums, entertainment, and a hockey arena (where both Unionists and Nationalists root for the Belfast Giants) — symbolizes the rise of Belfast. Next to the original slipways where the Titanic was built, the massive Titanic Belfast museum commemorates Belfast’s shipbuilding industry. Six stories tall, the striking museum is clad with more than 3,000 sun-reflecting aluminum panels. Inside, the tale of the famous cruise liner is told with creative displays — beginning with a short gondola ride through a mock-up of the ship while it was being built.
At the heart of town is another impressive landmark: Belfast’s City Hall. This grand structure’s 173-foot-tall, green copper dome dominates the city centre. City Hall faces the commercial hub of Belfast, Donegall Place. Queen Victoria would recognize the fine 19th-century brick buildings here — built in the Scottish Baronial style when the Scots dominated Belfast. But she’d be amazed by the changes since then. Belfast was bombed by the Germans in the Second World War, and, with the Troubles killing the economy at the end of the 20th century, for decades afterward, little was built. But with peace in 1998 — and government investing to subsidize that peace — the 21st century has been one big building boom.
On my latest trip, rainy weather led me to a Belfast gem I’d never explored before: St. George’s Market. This was once the largest covered produce market in Ireland, filled with merchants selling butchered meat and fish. Today, the farmers are gone and everyone else, it seems, has moved in. Every weekend, St. George’s Market becomes a colourful artisan, crafts, and flea market with a few fish and produce stalls to round things out. With a diverse array of street food and homemade goodies added to the mix, it’s a fun place for lunch and people-watching.
Speeding on the train back to Dublin, past the peaceful, lush Irish countryside, you may find yourself pondering the resilience of Belfast’s people. Ireland isn’t just Blarney Stones and leprechauns, and Belfast’s troubled history is a key part of its story. A visit here offers a chance to balance your Irish vacation — and witness a city’s powerful rebound.
This article is used with the permission of . Rick Steves writes European guidebooks, hosts travel shows on public TV and radio, and organizes European tours.
