Today in History for Nov. 25:
On this date:
In 2,348 ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½, according to Archbishop James Ussher's Old Testament chronology, the Great Deluge (Noah's Flood) began.
In 1715, a patent was granted to Thomas Masters for his wife's invention to clean and cure Indian corn. That made Sybilla Masters the New World's first female inventor.
In 1735, the Tsar Kolokol bell was cast in Moscow. Weighing nearly 200 tonnes, it's probably the world's heaviest bell. During a great fire a few years after casting, firemen poured water onto it, causing an 11-tonne section to split off. The bell stands on a platform in the Kremlin.
In 1758, during the French and Indian War, the British captured Fort Duquesne in present-day Pittsburgh.
In 1783, the British evacuated New York, their last military position in the United States during the Revolutionary War.
In 1851, the first North American chapter of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) opened in Montreal.
In 1884, John Mayenberg of St. Louis received a patent for evaporated milk.
In 1885, Rocky Mountain Park was established at Banff, Alta. It was the first national park in ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ and only the third in the world. Two years earlier, three men working on the Canadian Pacific Railway stumbled across a cave containing hot springs on the slopes of Alberta's Rocky Mountains. The park spans 6,641 square kilometres of valleys, mountains, glaciers, forests, meadows and rivers. It is now called Banff National Park.
In 1908, the first issue of "The Christian Science Monitor" was published.
In 1914, baseball player Joe Di Maggio was born in Martinez, Calif. His 56-game hitting streak in 1941 endures as one of the most remarkable records in baseball or any sport. He died March 8, 1999.
In 1963, the body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy was laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.
In 1971, the CRTC approved a licence for Channel 79 in Toronto. CITY-TV became ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½'s first commercial UHF television station.
In 1973, U.S. President Nixon announced measures to reduce energy consumption, including the prohibition of Sunday sales of gasoline and lower highway speed limits.
In 1980, Sugar Ray Leonard was officially granted the World Boxing Council's welterweight championship after defeating Roberto Duran when Duran retired from the fight in the eighth round.
In 1985, Ontario Attorney-General Ian Scott and federal Indian Affairs Minister David Crombie announced a $16.7 million settlement agreement to compensate two northern Ontario aboriginal bands for mercury pollution that devastated their communities.
In 1986, the Iran-Contra affair erupted in the U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Attorney General Edwin Meese revealed that profits from secret arms sales to Iran had been diverted to Nicaraguan rebels. The same day, National Security Adviser John Poindexter resigned and his aide, Lt.-Col. Oliver North, were fired for their involvement in the scandal.
In 1988, the largest earthquake to hit eastern ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ in more than 50 years occurred. The quake, measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale, was centred near Chicoutimi, Que., and was felt from the Maritimes to Michigan. No deaths or injuries were reported.
In 1988, executives of the United Church of ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ asked congregations to discuss the issue of ordaining homosexuals. At the church's General Council meeting a few months earlier, the policy was changed to allow homosexuals to become full members of the church, including ordination. The policy was reaffirmed in 1990.
In 1992, the Czechoslovakian parliament approved the division of the country into two nations as of Dec. 31.
In 1993, Anthony Burgess, novelist, linguist, composer, translator and critic, author of "A Clockwork Orange," died in London at the age of 76.
In 1998, in India's state elections, the Congress Party led by Sonia Gandhi, widow of Rajiv Gandhi, won a landslide victory.
In 1999, MP Jack Ramsay was ousted from the Reform Party caucus, one day after being convicted of attempted rape.
In 1999, the Supreme Court of ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ upheld the law protecting the confidential counselling records of sexual-assault complainants.
In 2000, seven rejuvenated Eaton's stores, now owned by Sears ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ Inc., opened.
In 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush signed into law the creation of new Department of Homeland Security, the largest U.S. government overhaul since the Second World War, aimed at preventing terrorist attacks. The agency would have $40-billion in funding and 170,000 employees from 22 different agencies.
In 2009, Canadian journalist Amanda Lindhout, 28, and an Australian colleague were freed, 15 months after they were abducted in Somalia in August 2008.
In 2009, Toyota said it would replace the gas pedals on 3.8 million vehicles in the United States because the pedals could get stuck in the floor mats and cause sudden acceleration.
In 2010, Steven Chand, 29, convicted of trying to raise funds for the so-called Toronto 18 terror plotters, was sentenced to 10 years in prison. He had been in jail since June 2006 but because of credit for time served, he only had to serve another seven months and 10 days.
In 2012, the host Toronto Argonauts defeated the Calgary Stampeders 35-22 to win the Grey Cup, in the 100th edition of the CFL championship. Argo running back Chad Kackert was named MVP while Argo defensive end Ricky Foley claimed top Canadian honours.
In 2016, former Cuban president Fidel Castro, who led his bearded rebels to victorious revolution in 1959, embraced Soviet-style communism and defied the power of 10 American presidents during his half-century of rule, died at age 90. His death came 10 years after a life-threatening illness led him to turn over power to his younger brother Raul.
In 2017, the Western Mustangs capped a perfect season and ended a 23-year Vanier Cup drought with a 39-17 victory over the Laval Rouge et Or in the U Sports football championship.
In 2018, The Stampeders beat the Ottawa Redblacks 27-16 in the 106th Grey Cup game at Commonwealth Stadium. It was Calgary's first Grey Cup win since 2014. Stampeders quarterback Bo Levi Mitchell was named MVP.
In 2018, The Russian coast guard fired upon and seized three Ukrainian naval vessels sailing from the Black Sea into the Sea of Azov. Russia, which annexed Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula in 2014, charged that the Ukrainian boats entered its territorial waters without permission. World leaders condemned what they described as unjustified use of force by Russia and urged it to release the ships and their crews.
In 2020, Argentine soccer "Golden Boy" Diego Maradona died at the age of 60. Maradona was among the best players in history and led his country to the 1986 World Cup title before later struggling with cocaine use and other health problems. He captivated fans over a two-decade career and famously made the "Hand of God" goal, in which he punched the ball into England's net during the 1986 World Cup quarter-finals.
In 2021, astrophysicist Amita Kuttner was chosen as interim leader of the Green Party of ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½. Kuttner, an expert in black holes, was appointed by the Greens' federal council to lead the party until a new leader is elected next year. Thirty-year-old Kuttner became the youngest person, the first trans person and first person of east Asian descent to lead a federal political party.
In 2021, the European Union's drug regulator authorized Pfizer's coronavirus vaccine for use on children aged five to 11 years old. It was the first time the European Medicines Agency had cleared a COVID-19 vaccine for use in young children.
In 2022, ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½ lost 1-0 to Belgium in its World Cup opener.
In 2022, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said the "Freedom Convoy'' protests presented an entirely different type of crisis than the COVID-19 pandemic. He said the government considered using the legislation in the spring of 2020, but determined it wasn't the right tool for the COVID crisis. Trudeau was the final witness to testify at the public inquiry into his government's unprecedented use of the Emergencies Act to dispel the blockades in Ottawa and at several border crossings.
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The Canadian Press